Theodore L., Dupont R.R. Environmental Health and Hazard Risk Assessment: Principles and Calculations

CRC Press, 2012. — 619 p. — ISBN: 1439868875, 9781439868874Environmental Health and Hazard Risk Assessment: Principles and Calculations explains how to evaluate and apply environmental health and hazard risk assessment calculations in a variety of real-life settings. Using a wealth of examples and case studies, the book helps readers develop both a theoretical understanding and a working knowledge of the principles of health, safety, and accident management.Introductory Comments
About the Book
Why Use Risk-Based Decision Making?
Book Contents
Definitions
Risk Terms
Financial Risk
History of Environmental Health Problems
First Humans
Development of Agriculture
Colonization of the New World
Industrial Revolution
History of Environmental Hazard Problems
Early Accidents
Recent Major Accidents
Major Accidents in the Twenty-First Century
Advances in Safety Features
Health Risk versus Hazard Risk
Introduction to the Health Risk Assessment Process
Introduction to the Hazard Risk Assessment Process
Qualitative Risk Scenarios
What Are the Differences?
Uncertainty Factors
Future Trends in Environmental Risk Assessment
Environmental Regulatory Framework
Regulatory System
Laws and Regulations: The Differences
Role of the States
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Major Toxic Chemical Laws Administered by the U.S. EPA
Legislative Tools for Controlling Water Pollution
Oil Pollution Act
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (CERCLA) of 1986
Clean Air Act
Occupational Safety and Health Act
EPA’s Risk Management Program
Pollution Prevention Act of 1990
Emergency Planning and Response
Need for Emergency Response Planning
Planning Committee
Hazards Survey
Plan for Emergencies
Training of Personnel
Notification of Public and Regulatory Officials
Plan Implementation
Other State Regulatory Initiatives
Illustrative Examples
Health Risk Assessment
Introduction to Health Risk Assessment
Health Risk Evaluation Process
Health Problem Identification
Toxicology and Dose–Response
Exposure Assessment
Health Risk Characterization
Health Problem Identification
Toxicology Principles
Epidemiology Principles
Molecular/Atomic Structural Analysis
Material Safety Data Sheets
Engineering Problem Solving
Fate of Chemicals in the Environment Related to Health Problems
Carcinogens versus Noncarcinogens
Toxicity and Dose–Response
Definitions
Toxicology
Epidemiology
Noncarcinogens
Carcinogens
Uncertainties/Limitations
Exposure Assessment
Components of an Exposure Assessment
Dispersion in Water Systems
Dispersion in Soils
Dispersion in the Atmosphere
Health Risk Characterization
Qualitative Health Risk Scenarios
Quantitative Risk: Noncarcinogens
Quantitative Risk: Carcinogens
Risk Uncertainties/Limitations
Risk-Based Decision Making
Public Perception of Risk
Hazard Risk Assessment
Introduction to Hazard Risk Assessment
Risk Evaluation Process for Accidents
Hazard Identification
Probability and Causes of Accidents
Consequences of Accidents
Hazard Risk Characterization
Hazard/Event Problem Identification
Process Equipment
Classification of Accidents
Fires, Explosions, Toxic Emissions, and Hazardous Spills
Hazard Event Evaluation Techniques
Hazard/Event Probability
Accident Causes
Series and Parallel Systems
Probability Distributions
Weibull Distribution
Fault Tree Analysis
Hazard/Event Consequences
Accident Minimization/Prevention
Consequence Estimation
Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (FMECA)
Vulnerability Analysis
Event Tree Analysis
Hazard Risk Characterization
Risk Characterization
Public Perception of Risk
Risk Communication
Cause–Consequence Analysis
Qualitative Hazard Risk Assessment
Uncertainties/Limitations
Quantitative Hazard Risk Assessment
Case Studies
Case for Case Studies
Case Study Criteria: Is It Logical, Relevant, and Reasonable?
Preparing a Case Study Solution
Monte Carlo Simulation
Case Study 1: Time to Pump Failure
Case Study 2: Time to Failure of Two Electrical Components
Case Study 3: Nuclear Plant Temperature Gauge Lifetime
Case Study 4: Bus Section Failures in Electrostatic
Precipitators
Emergency Planning and Response
Case Study 1: Terrorist Attack of a Pharmaceutical Company’s Plant in Greenpoint, Brooklyn, New York
Case Study 2: Terrorist Attack of the Brooklyn Navy Yard in Greenpoint, Brooklyn, New York
Case Study 3: Plans to Counter the Possibility of a Process or Plant-Related Accident at the "Wedo" Chemical Facility in Suffolk County, Long Island, New York
Case Study 4: Dilution Ventilation Models
Natural Disasters
Case Study 1: Hurricanes
Case Study 2: Floods
Case Study 3: Earthquakes
Case Study 4: Meteorites
Case Study 5: Combined Hurricanes and Flooding
Industrial Accidents
Case Study 1: Nanochemical Plant Accident
Case Study 2: Caustic Tank Preliminary Hazard Analysis
Case Study 3: Transportation of Hazardous Chemicals
Case Study 4: Offshore Rig AccidentAfterword