Kaufman Myron. Principles of Thermodynamics

Introduction and Background
The Ideal Gas.
Thermal Expansion Coefficient and Isothermal Compressibility.
A Simple Model of the Ideal Gas.
Real Gases: The van der Waals Equation.
Real Gases: Other Equations.
Condensation and the Critical point.
Gas Mixtures.
Equations of State of Condensed Phases.
Pressure Variations in Fluids.
Thermodynamics: The Zeroth and First Laws
The Nature of Thermodynamics.
Systems.
Equilibrium.
Properties.
Processes.
Heat and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics.
Work.
Internal Energy.
The First Law.
Heat Capacities.
The Joule Process.
The Joule-Thomson Process.Reversible Adiabatic Expansion of an Ideal Gas.
A Simple Heat Engine.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
The Second Law.
Entropy Changes in Some Simple Processes.
Heat Diagrams.
General Analysis of Thermal Devices.
The Third Law and Free Energies
Absolute Zero and the Third Law of Thermodynamics.
Absolute Entropies.
Helmholtz and Gibbs Free Energies.
Partial Derivatives of Energy-like Quantities.
Heat Capacities.
Generalization to Additional Displacements.
Standard States.
Entropy of Mixing of Ideal Gases.
Thermodynamics of Stretching Rubbers.
Statistical Mechanics
The Microscopic World.
The Joule Process.
Distribution Among Energy States.
Thermodynamic Functions from the Partition Function.
System Partition Functions.
Velocity Distributions.
A Steady-State Example.
Thermodynamic Functions of the Monatomic Ideal Gas.
Energy of Polyatomic Ideal Gases.
Configurations of a Polymer Chain.
Theory of Ideal Rubber Elasticity.
Phase Transformations in Single-Component Systems
Thermodynamics of Open Systems.
Entropy Change for Open Systems.
Phases and Phase Transformations.
General Criterion for Equilibrium in a Multiphase System.
Phase Equilibrium Conditions.
Vapor Pressure When a Gas Is Not Ideal.
Equation of State for the Two-Phase Region.
Effect of Inert Gas on Phase Equilibria.
Condensed-Phase Equilibria.
Equilibrium Between Three Phases.
Phase Diagrams.
Mesomorphic Phases.
Chemical Reactions
Nomenclature.
Thermochemistry.
Calorimetry.
Estimating the Thermodynamics of Reactions.
Chemical Equilibrium.
Direction of Chemical Reactions.
Concentration Dependence of Free Energy.
Equilibrium Constants.
General Considerations Involving Multicomponent and Multiphase Equilibrium: The Gibbs Phase Rule.
Concentrations at Equilibrium.
Temperature Dependence of the Equilibrium Constant.
Equilibrium Constant in Terms of Partition Function.
Ideal Solutions
Measures of Concentration.
Partial Molar Quantities.
Measurement of Partial Molar Quantities.
The Ideal Solution.
The Ideally Dilute Solution.
Freezing-Point Depression, Boiling-Point Elevation and Osmotic Pressure.
Distribution of a Solute Between Two Solvents.
Phase Diagram of a Binary Ideal Solution.
Nonideal Solutions
Activity Coefficients.
Excess Thermodynamic Functions.
Determining Activity Coefficients.
Equilibrium Constants.
Phase Diagrams of Binary Nonideal Systems.
Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems.
Ionized Systems
Ionic Solutions.
Mean Ionic Activity Coefficients
Mean Ionic Activity Coefficients from Experimental Data.
Calculation of Mean Ionic Activity Coefficient.
Ionic Equilibrium.
Ion Pairs and Ion Solvation.
Electrochemical Systems.
Types of Electrodes.
Electrochemical Cells.
Thermodynamics of Electrochemical Cells.
Standard Electrode Potentials.
Applications of Electrochemical Cells.
Surfaces
The Surface Region.
The Surface of the Single-Component Condensed Phase.
Surface Tension of Single Components.
Processes Involving One Interface.
Processes Involving More Than One Interface.
Thermodynamics of Immersion.
Effect of Surface Curvature on Vapor Pressure.
Thermodynamics of Solution Surfaces.
Properties of Surface Films.
Adsorption on Solids.
Statistical Mechanics of Adsorption.
Steady-State Systems
Steady-State Systems.
Conservative and Nonconservative Properties.
Entropy Generation in Some Simple Processes in Steady-State Systems.
The Phenomenological Equations Relating Flows and Forces.
Fluxes Produced by Nonconjugate Forces.
Thermal Diffusion.
Thermoelectric Effects.
Appendix A. Multivariable Calculus
Differentials.
Integrals.
Second Derivatives.
Appendix B. Numerical Methods
Solving Equations.
Fitting Data.
Numerical Integration.
Appendix C. Tables of Thermodynamic Data
Appendix D. Glossary of Symbols