Koneru Aruna. English Language Skills

Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2011. — 508 p. — ISBN: 9780070700949, 007070094X.This book provides a new and fresh approach to meet day-to-day requirements of the use of English language. The aimis to help readers acquire proficiency in the language skills of Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing (LSRW). Itprovides a practical approach of knowing-learning-practising. The approach of this book is specific and uniqueinasmuch as it is based on long experience. It provides, in addition to the explanation of the concept, instructions andguidelines to employ all four language skills; it also creates interest, curiosity, excitement and motivation in the learnerto get himself or herself immersed in the process of learning.Listening Skill
Listening SkillHearing and Listening
Phonetic Features of Listening
Purpose of Listening
Barrier to Listening
Guidelines for Improving Listening SkillSelf-Analysis Evaluation Form of Your Listening Skill
Review Questions
Exercises
Speaking Skill
English Sound SystemDistinction Between Letters and Sounds
Classification of English Sounds
Syllable: Its Structure
Silent Consonant Letters in Some Words
Confusing Sounds for Practice
Words and Sentences for Practising Vowel ContrastsReview Questions
Exercises
Accentual Pattern of Words and SentencesAccentual Pattern of Single Words
Accentual Pattern of Compound Words
Accent Change According to Function
Sentence AccentReview Questions
Exercises
Effective SpeechElision of Sounds or Syllables
Addition of Sounds or Syllables
Transposition of Sounds
Pronunciation Based on Semantics
Pronunciation of Inflectional Suffixes
Pronunciation of Some Common Word Endings
General Suggestions for Pronunciation
Enunciation
Pronunciation of Consecutive Consonants
Word Combinations in SentencesReview Questions
Exercises
The Art of ConversationSmall Talk
Body Language
Principles of a Good ConversationalistReview Questions
Exercises
DebateProcess of Organisation
Purpose
Rebuttal
Participating in a Debate
The Judges’ Decision
Preparation for the DebateReview Questions
Exercises
Group DiscussionConversation, Debate and Group Discussion
Kinds of Groups
Importance of a Group Discussion
Features of a Group Discussion
Strategies of a Group Interaction
Barriers to an Effective Group Discussion
Suggestions for Self-ImprovementReview Questions
Exercises
Study Skill
Dictionary: Its UseThe Meaning of a Word
The Spelling of a Word
The Pronunciation of a Word
Synonyms and Antonyms
Grammar
Abbreviations
Dictionary Symbols
Use of a ThesaurusReview Questions
Exercises
Prepositions and Phrasal VerbsPrepositions
Idiomatic Combinations
Phrasal VerbsReview Questions
Exercises
Vocabulary ExtensionContext Clues
Word Analysis
Semantic Changes
Word-Formation Methods
Synonyms
Antonyms
One Word SubstitutionReview Questions
Exercises
Effective Use of WordsWord Order
Word: Its Meaning
Avoid ClichésReview Questions
Exercises
Effective SentencesUnity of the Sentences
Coordination and Subordination
Emphasis in the Sentence
Use Periodic Sentences
Effective Repetition of Words and Ideas
Parallel StructuresReview Questions
Exercises
Learning SpellingsSpelling Rules
Commonly Misspelled Words
Variant Spellings
Spell-CheckerExercises
PunctuationEnd Punctuation Marks
Internal Punctuation Marks
Direct Quotation Punctuation Marks
Word Punctuation
Spacing with Punctuation
Too Much PunctuationReview Questions
Exercises
Common Errors in EnglishErrors in Using Nouns
Errors in Using Pronouns
Errors in Using Prepositions
Errors in Using Verbs
Errors in Using Gerund or an Infinitive
Use an Infinitive not a Gerund
Errors in Using Adjectives
Errors in Using Adverbs
Errors in Using Conjunctions
Errors in Using Punctuations
Common Errors Due to Commonly Confused WordsReview Questions
Exercises
Reading Skill
Reading SkillMechanics of Reading
Types of Reading
Reading SpeedReview Questions
Exercises
Writing Skill
Paraphrase Writing and Précis WritingParaphrase Writing
Methods of Paraphrasing
Difference Between Paraphrase and Précis
Guidelines for Writing Paraphrase
Definition of a Précis
Principles of Writing a Précis
Steps for Writing a Précis
Methods of Abridging SentencesReview Questions
Exercises
Note-Making and Summary WritingNote-Making
Organising the Information
Shortening Process
Acquiring Note-Making Skills
Taking Notes
Summary Writing
Basics of Writing a Summary
Overall Organisation
Guidelines for Writing a SummaryReview Questions
Exercises
Paragraph WritingUnity of the Paragraph
The Development of Sentences
Coherence in the Paragraph
Paragraph Development
Types of ParagraphsReview Questions
Exercises
Writing an EssayFeatures of an Essay
Thesis Statement
Organisation of the Material
Modes of Developing Essays
Revise and Proofread the EssayReview Questions
Exercises
Business Communication
Structure and Style of Business CorrespondenceStructure
Layout of a Business Letter
Styles of Presentation
Style of WritingReview Questions
Exercises
Various Types of LettersEnquiry Letter
Important Points
Some Useful Expressions
Quotation Letter
Important Points
Some Useful Expressions
Orders and Acknowledgement of an Order
Orders
Important Points
Some Useful Expressions
Acknowledgement of an Order
Important Points
Some Useful Expressions
Complaint and Adjustment Letters
Complaint Letter
Important Points
Some Useful Expressions
Adjustment Letter
Important Points
Circular LetterReview Questions
Exercises
Sales LetterFeatures of a Sales Letter
Structure of a Sales Letter
Main Body of the Letter
Concluding Paragraph
Some Useful ExpressionsReview Questions
Exercises
Job ApplicationLocating Job Vacancies
Preparing a Résumé
Elements of a Résumè
Selection of the Organisational Plan
Preparation of the Final Copy
Writing a Job Application LetterReview Questions
Exercises
Appendix A: Grammar and Usage: A Review
Appendix B: Speech Acts
Appendix C: One Word Substitutes
Appendix D: Lexical Items
Appendix E: Commonly Confused Words
Appendix F: Idiomatic Expressions
Appendix G: Semantic Problems of Singular and Plural Nouns
Appendix H: American and British English
Appendix I: Foreign Words