Center for Chemical Process Safety. Recognizing and Responding to Normalization of Deviance

New York: American Institute of Chemical Engineers/ Wiley, 2018. — 135 p.The Definition of Normalization of Deviance
The Motivation for Writing This Book
Our Audience and How to Use This Book
How Our Worldview Affects Us When Recognizing Normalized Deviance
Work Process Knowledge is Essential in Determining the Existence of Deviation
Normalized Deviation and Traditional Process Safety ConceptsWhy Examine the Phenomenon of Normalization of Deviation?Past Incidents Related to Normalized Deviance
How The Concept Of Normalization of Deviance Affects Overall Process Safety Performance
Can Normalized Deviation in Your Business Work Processes Affect Risk?
Normalization of Deviation and Management of ChangeThe Roots of Deviation
Lack of Operational Discipline
Insufficient Knowledge, Procedures, Training and Resources
Risk Versus Reward Perception
Overconfidence
Human NatureIdentifying Normalized Deviation
Find Trigger Words and Phrases
Use Your HIRA Process
Determine Which Engineering Activities Reveal Deviation
Use Behavioral Safety Techniques
Review Your Work Processes
Use Walkthroughs and Routine Inspections
Use Your Process Risk Audits
Pay Attention to Near Misses
Use Your Incident Investigation System
Evaluate Management of Temporary ChangesTechniques to Reduce Operational Normalization of Deviance
Reward Rigor in Your Management of Change Process
Leverage Your Near Miss Reports
Use Behavioral Safety Observation Data
Use Crew Discussion Sessions and Training
Emphasize Employee Participation
Encourage Open Dialogue Supporting All Workers Who Raise Normalization of Deviation Issues
Leverage Learning from Your PHA Process
Perform a Job Task Analysis for Every Job Position
Recognize All Who Combat Normalization of DeviationTechniques to Reduce Organizational Normalization of Deviance
Troubleshooting
Consistently Anticipate the Human Tendency Toward Normalization of Deviation
Address the Systemic Issues Within the Organization
When to Stand Down – Halting Operations to Fight Deviation
Promote Transparency and Accountability
Adhere to Good Engineering Practices
Encourage Management To Use Technical Expertise
Executives Set the ToneAppendix A – A Survey to Help Identify Warning Signs of Deviations
Leadership and Culture
Training and Competency
Process Safety Information
Procedures
Asset Integrity
Analyzing Risk and Managing Change
Audits
Learning From Experience
Physical Warning SignsAppendix B – Job and Task Analysis
Job and Task Analysis and the Instructional Systems Design Model
Basic Steps for a Job and Task Analysis